الحديث الأول

عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَبِي حَفْصٍ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ

«إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ، وَإِنَّمَا لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى، فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ لِدُنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا أَوِ امْرَأَةٍ يَنْكِحُهَا فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ»

رَوَاهُ إِمَامَا الْمُحَدِّثِينَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَأَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي «صَحِيحَيْهِمَا»، اللَّذَيْنِ هُمَا أَصَحُّ الْكُتُبِ الْمُصَنَّفَةِ

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Hadith One

On the authority of the Commander of the Believers, Abu Hafs ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (رضي الله عنه), who said:

I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say:

“Actions are only by intentions, and every person shall have only what he intended. So whoever’s migration was for Allah and His Messenger, then his migration was for Allah and His Messenger. And whoever’s migration was for worldly gain that he hoped to attain or for a woman he wished to marry, then his migration was for that which he migrated for.”

Narrated by al-Bukhārī and Muslim.

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📚 Introduction

هٰذا الحديث لا يوجد بهٰذا السياق التام لا في كتاب البخاري ولا في كتاب مسلم، وهو مُلَّفق من روايتين للبخاري، ووجود أصله عندهما سوّغ نسبته إليهما

This hadith does not exist with this complete wording in either the book of al-Bukhari or the book of Muslim; it is a combination of two narrations from al-Bukhari, and the presence of its origin in both of them made it permissible to attribute it to them.

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📖 Explanation of the Hadith

قوله ﷺ

«إنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ، وَإِنَّمَا لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى»

His ﷺ statement:

“Actions are only by intentions, and every person shall have only what he intended”

two sentences that contain two pieces of information:

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First Statement

🔸 فالجملة الأولى: خبر عن حُكم الشريعة على العمل

The first sentence is information about the ruling of the Sharia regarding the action.

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Second Statement

🔸 والجملة الثانية: خبر عن حُكم الشريعة على العامل؛

And the second sentence is information about the ruling of the Sharia regarding the doer.

👈 فالأعمال مناطة بنيّات عامليها، وللعاملين من الثواب على قدر نيّاتهم

For actions are tied to the intentions of the doers, and the doers receive reward according to the level of their intentions.

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📌 The Example of Hijrah

وأتبع النبي ﷺ الجملتين السابقتين بما يفصح عن حقيقة معناهما فذكر عملًا أثّرت فيه النية وهو الهجرة، فذكر حال مهاجرَين

The Prophet ﷺ followed the two previous sentences with something that clarifies their true meaning: he mentioned an action affected by intention, which is migration (hijrah), and then mentioned the condition of two types of migrants:

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① المهاجر إلى الله ورسوله

The One Who Migrates to Allah and His Messenger

📎 وأعاد الجزاء بصيغة العمل للإعلام بثبوث أجره

And he repeated the reward using the wording of the action to indicate the certainty of the reward,

فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إلَى الله وَرَسُولِهِ نيّةً وقصدا، فَهِجْرَتُهُ إلَى الله وَرَسُولِه أجرًا وثوابا

So whoever’s migration is to Allah and His Messenger, as intention and purpose, then his migration is to Allah and His Messenger in reward and recompense.

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② المهاجر لغير الله ورسوله ﷺ

The One Who Migrates for Other Than Allah and His Messenger ﷺ

📎 فلم يصب من هجرته إلا كونه تاجرًا إذا أصاب دنيا أو ناكحا إذا تزوج امرأةً

He gains nothing from his migration except being a merchant if he sought worldly gain, or a suitor if he married a woman.

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💡 Benefit

واختار النبي ﷺ ضرب المثال بالهجرة لأنه عمل لم تكن تعرفه العرب قبل الإسلام؛ فإن العرب لم تكن لتترك بلادها إلا لعدوّ يَغلب أو ربيع يُطلب

And the Prophet ﷺ chose the example of migration because it was an action the Arabs did not know before Islam; for the Arabs would not leave their homeland except due to an overpowering enemy or the pursuit of seasonal pasture.